Emilias Speech in Othello and Its Teachings Essay

Emilias speech and its teachings. In the play Othello The Moor of Venice, by William Shakespeare, Emilias speech (4.3.84-103) has been called renaissance plea to womens liberation. This is because she tells of what she has experienced with her husband Iago, and what is bound to happen to her mistress Desdemona. Comparing their both lives in her speech, it vividly explains what happens to so many women in who are in a relationship, who find themselves in the same problem. According to her speech, there are some married women who do cheat on their husbands, there are problems in marriage relationships that men are the cause of them and she warns men that women can do what men can do. There must have been a good reason that made†¦show more content†¦To Emilia, the power of doing something for sake of the one you love is new form expression that a woman of their age and new age still battle with, but sometimes it works. Emilia didnt have a very wonderful marriage relationship with her husband Iago. She wished for more because she really loved Iago and did some bad things like stealing the handkerchief that she knew meant so much to Desdemona just to make Iago happy, of which she did not notice(3.3.297-320). In another incident where Emilia is not appreciated by her husband, is seen when Iago is ready to compose a poem for Desdemona, because she is beautiful but refuses to do the same thing to Emilia, his wife (2.1.117-134). According to Emilia, men are the cause of many marital relationships. The jealous men posses make them ruin the relationship they have. In the play, we see this come to pass when Othello, because of being jealous loose the trust he had on his wife to the point of killing her. She further says that, women cheat on their husbands because their husbands dont satisfy their wives sexually for they go to sleep with other women beside their wives (4.3.87-88). Because of these reasons, Emilia warns all men to change their ways and start treating their wives with the respect they deserveShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analyses of Race and Gender Issues in Shakespeares Othello3144 Words   |  13 PagesAnalyses of Race and Gender Issues in Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The discussion of race in Shakespeares Othello has received a great deal of critical attention. Virginia Mason Vaughn, in her book Othello: A Contextual History, surveys this critical history, beginning with Marvin Rosenbergs 1961 book The Masks of Othello (a book documenting the nineteenth-century tendency toward representing Othello as light-skinned), and continuing through to Jack DAmicos 1991 book The Moor in English Renaissance

An Article on Rapid Urbanization - 1745 Words

â€Å"Rapid Urbanization† Comparative Governments Politics This article is on Rapid Urbanization, by Jennifer Weeks, explains how cities around the world are quickly growing especially in the slums. It discusses what brings people to city in the first place and how that goes into the affect of pollution in the cities. The article also asks us questions like, Does urbanization make people better off?, Should governments limit migration to cities?, and Can we make large cities greener?. The main reason that people are moving into the cities all across the world is for the work that is offered in them. Many people think that moving to the city will solve any issues with money and they hope for better incomes with all the opportunity that the city can offer. â€Å"Often people are fleeing desperate economic conditions,† says David Bloom, a professor of economics and demography at Harvard Universitys School of Public Health (Weeks 185). Many people realize that moving to the city does not in fact solve financial issues and so they end up packing into a house or a shack in the slums with others, in other words, living in poverty. The article mentions that when nations attract foreign investment they in turn create more jobs, factory jobs, that bring people to city who leave the farming and agriculture behind them. This started happening in the nineteenth century, and the cities that were really affected by it were those of developing countries. Then during the twentiethShow MoreRelatedEssay The Implications of Rapid Urbanization1685 Words   |  7 PagesUrbanization is the process of human migration from rural areas to towns and cities, thus rapid urbanization means that the rate at which the migration from rural to urban takes place is hurried that a country has no time to plan for their existence at the cities. The situation differs from country to country as the number of cities and rural areas in the countries are different. Another possible reason for the difference is the development nature of the countries ; some countries are developed, othersRead MoreEffects Of Urbanization On Food Supply And Human Security885 Words   |  4 Pageseffect of urbanization, arguing that major cities homogenize the physical environment in their attempt to meet the narrow needs of human beings without regard for indigenous species.McKinney identifies key challenges such as human disconnection from the natural environment which is a disadvantage of urbanization. The strength of this source lies in its relevance as it will provide sufficient information for the research topic with regard to the effects and disadvantages of urbanization. This bookRead MoreSustainable development, a new way of urbanization1271 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Urbanization, which is becoming a buzzword during the last few decades, is enlarging at a booming speed. It is predicted that 93 percents urban growth will occur to the year 2020, in the developing world (Elliot J.A, 1999). Generally speaking, more than half of the people around the world have been moved to cities, which led to a series of â€Å"matters† connected with people’s life that changed in a dramatical way. In this period, sustainable development, another buzzword during the pastRead MoreEffects Of Deforestation On A Whole World Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesThe inspiration for this research and the essay was generated due to the issue of rapid and reckless industrialization as well as the inability of the human beings to properly realize the issue of environmental sustainability. The whole world is witnessing a havoc spread of the industrialization in every corner of the world. But, in the attempt to spread the message of modernity, industrialization, and urbanization, the issue of environmental sustainability is not being addressed in a proper mannerRead MoreThe Article The Village And The Girl 916 Words   |  4 PagesThe BBC article â€Å"The Village and the Girl† allows a personal detailed level of understanding the struggles Xiao Zhang and her family has endured throughout the urbanization process of a small village, White Horse Village, of China by interviewing and observing the differences of the family’s life for 10 years. I want to address some of the challenges and opportunities impacted from the rapid urbanization, how the economic changes impacted the village and China as a whole, and lastly from readingRead MoreUrbanization Of Urbanization During The 19th Century1374 Words   |  6 PagesUrbanization is the growth of population in urban areas. 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As Gerard Turnbull (Canals, coal and regional growth during the industrial revolution)Read MoreImpact Of Globalization On Industrialization761 Words   |  4 Pagesgeographical restrictions. Globalization in human activities is the most frequent and closest part of the environment. So far, globalization’s negative impact on the ecological environment is far more than its positive impact. In this article, industrialization, urbanization, and trade liberalization these three factors’ influence on globalization will be illustrated. Globalization has a great influence on industrialization. Globalization has drastically reduced the technical and policy barriers to theRead MoreEffects Of Urbanization1616 Words   |  7 Pages The concept of urbanization is essentially when a nation becomes more urban, meaning that more cities are built and people live closer together. Generally urbanization tends to have a positive effect on the nations that undergo it, by allowing them to grow economically and industrially. However, one commonly overlooked effect of urbanization is its effects on the mental health of those that live in the cities it builds. Urban settings generally tend to add many stressors to one’s daily lifestyleRead MoreSmog Of Chin Pollution1250 Words   |  5 Pagesissue in China. Due to the rapid development of cities, lost of places change to industry and urbanization. The industry and urbanization are the major causes of the smog. This situation leads to the environmental level of China present a sustained downward trend. Lots of people have lung and respiratory problems that are blamed on the smog level. Therefore, how the China’s government figures out the smog problem is very important. Major Causes of the Smog in China Urbanization has resulted in several

Retail Sector Opportunity and Threats Free Essays

Indian retail industry is dividing into organized and unorganized sectors. Organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who are registered for sale tax, income tax, etc. these include the corporate-backed hypermarket and retail chains, and also the privately owned large retail businesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Retail Sector Opportunity and Threats or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unorganized retailing, on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing for example, the local kirana shops, owner manned general stores, paan shops, convenience shop, hand cart and pavement vendors, etc. Opportunity: * India is among 10 largest retail markets in the world. * Urbanization * Location advantage. * Falling real estate cost * E-retailing * Changing consumer habits and lifestyles. * The retail sector in India is worth USD 394 billion and is growing at the rate of 30% annually. * India is the least competitive as well as least saturated of all major global market. This implies that there are significantly low entry barriers for players trying to setup base in India in term of the competitive landscape. A good talent pool, unlimited opportunities, huge markets, and availability of quality raw materials at cheaper cost is expected to make India overtake the world’s best retail economies by 2040, according to industry players. * Currently, the market share of organized modern retail is just over 4 percent of the total retail industry, thereby leaving a huge untapped opportunity. * The composition of the Indian population is shifting towards the age group of 20-49 i. e. the working population with purchasing power. As per a Mckinsey report, of the current 204 million households in India, about 13 million households have the income to prop up growth of organized retail and this consumer segment is expected to grow at over 20% annually in the next eight years. * Rising disposable income: The second fastest growing economy has provided new employment avenues and the same have resulted in increase in number of people in the earners category. Increasing instances of double incomes in most families coupled with the rise in spending power is further fuelling growth in consumption and in turn growth of the retail sector. Shopping convenience: Apart from the population that has desire and ability to spend, the other factors that have patronized modern retail or organized retail is the convenience of shopping and wide variety. Threats * Inflation. * Lack of differentiation among the malls that are coming. * The industry is facing a severe shortage of talente d professionals, especially at the middle-management level. * Most Indian retail players are under serious pressure to make their supply chains more efficient in order to deliver the level of quality and service that consumers are demanding. Long intermediation chain would increase the costs by 15 percent. * Lack of adequate infrastructure with respect to roads, electricity has further led to the impediment of a pan-India network of suppliers. Due to these constraints, retail chains have to restore to multiple vendors for their requirements, thereby, raising costs and prices. * Retailing is yet to become a preferred career option for most of India’s educated class that has chosen sector like IT, BPO and financial services. * Policy related issues Lack of industry status for retail. * Numerous license, permits and registration requirement. * Farmer and retailer unfriendly APMC act. * Limited consumer insight * Lack of detailed region specific customer data. * Less data on spending pattern. * Inadequate human resources * Lack of trained personnel at all level. * Stringent employment and industry laws. * Fragment approach to human resources. * Taxation hurdle * Inconsistent octopi and entry tax structure. * Vat and m ultiple taxation issues. * Large grey market presence. How to cite Retail Sector Opportunity and Threats, Papers

Life Interview Review free essay sample

Luckily, I was given an assignment that appeared to be perfectly suitable to ask all the right questions-A Life Review. I had seen Ms. Walker several times in my childhood. We attended the same church, I met some of her children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren, but I knew little about her life journey. One day I asked my grandmother to mention to her that I wanted to interview her for an assignment. With the relief of not being let down, my grandmother gave me her contact number the next day. A few days later, I called her to make sure that she was still interested.With the right reply, I scheduled a day when we could meet and have breakfast. That day came on August 10, 2012 at a restaurant called International House of Pancakes (IHOP). She entered the restaurant door free of prosthetic devices- another sign of good health. A woman of African American decent who stood 5’7 wearing a slightly nervous yet cheerful expression greeted me. â€Å"It’s nice to see, Aminata. Why haven’t I seen you in church lately? † The answer to her question would result in a bunch of made up excuses. This was the perfect time to redirect and focus on the assignment that brought us together to complete â€Å"The Life Review of Ms.Mary Walker†. Family Ms. Mary Walker was born on September 25, 1934 in Savannah, Georgia to Joseph and Emma Lou Simmons. She is the youngest and only girl of four children. Shortly after her parents divorced in 1942, her father moved to New York and her mother became ill. A year later, her mother passed at the age of 25. After her mother’s death, Mary and her three brothers moved to live with their grandmother who was still raising some of her aunts and uncles. At the age of 10, her grandmother passed away from the battle of tuberculosis.Due to her grandmother passing, she and her brothers were sent to live with her aunt in Tampa, Florida. She describes herself as a good child except for a few times when at some occasions of bad behavior she was punished by the whip of the belt. Being the only girl, she learned how to cook and do laundry at an early age. Traditionally, girls were made to perform household duties to prepare them for the role of wife and mother. Although literature was rarely provided, she fell in love with reading when her uncle brought home comic books. Academically, Ms. Walker excelled in school.In fact, she was scheduled to become co-valedictorian during her senior year. Sometime during her junior year, she became romantically involved with Richard Walker Jr. Shortly after high school in 1957, they married. In 1953, towards the end of her junior year in high school she became pregnant with her first son Jewell. After the birth of her son, she gave custody to an older brother so that she could return to high school to graduate with honors. A year after graduating, she gave birth to another son Rodney. Together the couple had 10 children 6 boys and 4 girls.To support her family she took jobs working as a house cleaner and cleaning businesses. After 21 years of marriage, she divorced her husband as result of an abusive relationship. Following the divorce, she attended junior college through a state grant. After her completion of her two-year degree, she enrolled at Eckerd College where she earned her bachelors’ in Interdisciplinary Social Sciences in 1973. She began teaching middle school social studies in 1974. After 21 years as an educator, she retired from teaching in 2004. Since retirement, she has been enjoying life and found happiness in working with youth activities in her church.As grandmother, she enjoys the position of the matriarch. She has estimated forty grandchildren and about twenty great-grandchildren. Although she has not met all of grandchildren, she is hoping that sometime during the remainder of her life she will have the opportunity to build relationships with all of them. Social/Historical/Environmental Influences Ms. Walker has lived through several historical events. She recalls the World War II as an event that affected her early childhood. Her parents received rations of food and clothing from the federal government, which limited their material possessions.She stated this was the time she first realized that she was poor. Like other African Americans, the Jim Crow laws affected almost every aspect social of life during pre -civil rights movements. She can remember instances of racism where she was served food through the back door, using segregated public bathrooms, and reading old school books that came from white schools. She noted that America has come a long way from the days of Jim Crow. The vindication of Barack Obama as the first black president of the United States is proof of America’s progression in race relations.Global Assessment The support of the family is the most positive aspect of family life. The rise of single parent homes has produced a negative change in family life stating that single mothers are too often bearing the burden of raising children alone. With comparison to her childhood, children today are more exposed to material things, which she links to more stress and crimes among youth. Although she lived during a period when there were oppressive attitudes towards African Americans, she stated within her community there was more unity. In recent times, increased material wealth has created divisiveness between all people by class. One of the most pressing issues that she sees as needing political change today is the interpretation of the second amendment the right to bear arms. Too many crimes involving guns among younger populations have escalated. She stated that the original purpose of the amendment was for states to have the right to bear arms against the threat of the federal government. The need for gun control should lead by the federal government through legislation. Critical Analysis Resilience and EmpowermentEmpowerment theories are based on the idea that society consists of stratified groups processing different and unequal levels of power and control over resources that restrict people from achieving their aspirations (Ritzer, 2008). Empowerment is the â€Å"process of increasing personal, interpersonal or political power so that individuals can take action to improve their life situations (Zastrow Ki rst-Ashman, 2010)†. To say that negative experiences can bring within opportunities to an individual, family, or community, does not mean that we do not acknowledge their scars and pain.The Strengths Perspective acknowledges that often people who are facing hardship are resilient and creative and we should discover and learn from their strategies to overcome adversity. People learn from the challenges they endure as well as from their accomplishments. Resiliency seems to spring from the interaction between those internal and environmental resources and the risk factors that the person is facing. When going through difficulty, people may become aware of some talents, assets, or resources. In other cases, people develop new strengths and resources in order to meet their challenges.Some examples are creativity, spirituality, humor, caring, and the like. Knowledge comes from different sources, including education, culture, and actual experience. While learning about our world, we develop skills and abilities. For instance, a client might know much more about the housing system than we can ever hope to learn. However, too often this knowledge is conquered. We will identify it only if we observe and ask. Frequently, you will find that people have surprising talents, such as singing, writing, painting, telling stories, and so on.Many times people do not even mention those talents because they do not seem relevant to what we are discussing. If we do not ask, we remiss the opportunity of mobilizing these strengths. Although these talents may not be connected to the clients’ aspirations, they give us more resources and tools to assist individuals in fulfilling those aspirations and reaching their goals. These strengths are sources of stability, guidance, a sense of belonging, and a place in the world. Narratives, myths, and cultural stories can be a source of identity, meaning, and inspiration through adversity.Surviving an abusive marriage taught her coping skills. She realized her strengths at a later age and decided to focus on the things that brought her the most joy. Her advice to young adults is waiting for the right partner is worth the wait. Her experience has taught her that when raising children a two parents home is the most suitable. The support of the extended family can take away some of these stress on the parents. With these components, she stated, â€Å"the outcomes of the children are better. † Coping Skills People cope with the loss of a loved one in many ways.For some, the experience may lead to personal growth, even though it is a difficult and trying time. There is no right way of coping with death. The way a person grieves depends on the personality of that person and the relationship with the person who has died. How a person copes with grief is affected by the persons cultural and religious background, coping skills, mental history, support systems, and the persons social and financial status. The definition of coping is as the â€Å"constantly changing (dynamic) cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage internal and/or external demands exceeding the resources of the person.This emphasizes that coping behaviors go beyond routine, adaptive behaviors. Ms. Walker dealt with coping through the death of her mother and the death of her grandmother. Grief has seven stages. Stage 1 is shock denial. In this stage, one will probably react to learning of the loss with numbed disbelief. One may deny the reality of the loss at some level, in order to avoid the pain. Shock provides emotional protection from being overwhelmed all at once. This may last for weeks. Stage 2 is pain guilt. In this stage, As the shock wears off, it is replaced with the suffering of unbelievable pain.Although excruciating and almost unbearable, it is important that you experience the pain fully, and not hide it, avoid it or escape from it with alcohol or drugs. One may have guilty feelings or remorse over things they did or did not do with their loved one. Life feels chaotic and scary during this phase. Stage 3 is anger bargaining. In this stage, frustration gives way to anger, and you may lash out and lay unwarranted blame for the death on someone else. Please try to control this, as permanent damage to your relationships may result. This is a time for the release of bottled up emotion.Stage 4 is depression, reflection, loneliness. This is the stage where everyone thinks you should be getting on with your life; a long period of sad reflection will likely overtake you. This is a normal stage of grief, so do not be talked out of it by well-meaning outsiders. Encouragement from others is not helpful to you during this stage of grieving. During this time, you finally realize the true magnitude of your loss, and it depresses you. You may isolate yourself on purpose, reflect on things you did with your lost one, and focus on memories of the past. You may sense feelings of emptiness or despair.You may rail against fate, questioning Why me? You may also try to bargain in vain with the authorities for a way out of your despair. The fifth stage is the upward turn. In this stage as you start to adjust to life without your dear one, your life becomes a little calmer and more organized. Your physical symptoms lessen, and your depression begins to go away slowly. Stage 6 is the reconstruction working through stage. in this stage. As you become more functional, your mind starts working again, and you will find yourself seeking realistic solutions to problems posed by life without your loved one.You will start to work on practical and financial problems and reconstructing yourself and your life without him or her. The final stage, Stage 7 is the acceptance hope stage. During this stage, you learn to accept and deal with the reality of your situation. Acceptance does not necessarily mean instant happiness. Given the pain and turmoil you have experienced, you can never return to the carefree, untroubled YOU that existed before this tragedy. However, you will find a way forward. Ms. Walker explained to me how she went through some of the coping stages. She experienced anger because she lost the only people she ever known and loved. She was depressed and then she came to came to accept God’s will. Her mother and grandmother were devoted Christians and she found comfort in knowing where they were going to. Marcia’s model To reach the stage of identity achievement, people undergo a period of intense decision-making. After much effort, they develop a personalized set of values and make their career decisions. The attainment of identity is usually thought of as the most beneficial of the four status categories. Ashman Zastrow, 2010) Ms. . Walker had to make some tough decisions growing up and through adulthood. Growing up she made a decision to do very well in school. She even made co-valedictorian. Also, even though she because pregnant at a very young age, she made a decision to put her son up for adoption and continue with her education. As an adult, Ms. Walker was trapped in an abusive relationship for 21 years, where she made the decision to get out of it and start her life anew. All these decision Ms. Walker made growing up made her the person she is today. Critical Race TheoryCritical Race Theory (CRT) views racism not as eccentric but rather as the natural order of American life (Ritzer, 2008). Because racism is an integrated feature in society, it appears as something ordinary and natural in the culture (Ritzer, 2008). The white elite will encourage racial advances for blacks only when they also promote white self-interest (Ritzer, 2008). Critical Race Theory seeks for the discriminated against to be understood by larger society and that the law should help those that have been victims as well rather than focusing on the perpetrators (Ritzer, 2008).Critical race theory is considered an alternative theory. Critical race theory sees racism as the norm. It emphasizes that colorblindness does not exist. It believes that people’s own experiences are more accurate than statistical information because people’s experiences provide a picture of reality. Further, critical race theory believes that civil rights laws will only go into effect if white people think they will gain something in return (Wiggins, Wiggins, Zanden Vander, 1994). For example, whites with interact more with whites rather than other races Wiggins, et al. 1994). Theorist’s Delgado and Stefancic (2001) states that CRT movement is a collection of activists and scholars interested in studying and transforming the relationship among race, racism, and power. The movement considers many of the same issues that conventional civil rights and ethnic studies discourses take up, but places them in a broader perspective that includes economics, history, context, group and self-interest, and even feelings and the unconscious (Delgado Stefancic, 2001). Growing up, Ms. Walker lived through segregation.She remembers the World War II as an event that affected her early childhood. Her parents received rations of food and clothing from the federal government, which limited their material possessions. She stated this was the time she first came to the realization that she was poor. Like other African Americans, the Jim Crow laws affected almost every aspect social of life during pre -civil rights movements. She can remember instances of racism where she was served food through the back door, using segregated public bathrooms, and reading old school books that came from white schools.She noted that America has come a long way from the days of Jim Crow. The vindication of Barack Obama as the first black president of the United States is proof of America’s progression in race relations Triumphs and Regrets Despite her obstacles of raising children and working, she found success in attaining a higher education, which she is most proud of. Delaying post-secondary education was is something she regrets as doing. Her advice to young people is that obey the laws, develop a strong faith in God, faith in oneself, live within your means, and treating others as you want to be treated.Conclusion Life is the sum of all your experiences that shape you into the individual you are going to be in old age. Ms. Walker experiences have led her to a much peaceful being. She says that â€Å"as you age the experiences of life will teach you coping skills. † Surviving an abusive marriage, achieving goals later in life and child rearing have taught her patience. Coping skills prepares the individual for the perils of old age. I believe this aspect best represents Erikson’s the integrity aspect of the theory ego integrity vs. despair. Her perceptions of family, stemmed from her earlier experiences. She learned to care for others at an earlier age when family took responsibility in raising her and her four brothers. When she became mother and a wife she used her early childhood experiences to nurture and care for her own family. Today, she cares for some of her grandchildren. This displays that her experiences are deeply rooted in her belief system. As the result of my conversation with Mrs. Walker, I learned life is about what you make it. Individuals make a variety of choices that are going to affect later life experiences. Learning to cope with life grievances helps individuals achieve self-actualization.

Beer in USA

Introduction The following essay is analyses the beer industry in the United States. It looks into the beer industry and what can be done to ensure that the beer it develops an appropriate growth mechanism in the light of globalization, integrated technology and strict industry regulations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Beer in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The analysis looks into the political environmental, social, technological, economical and legal factors that affect the beer industry in the United States. The political/ legal factors In the year 1940’s the prohibition era was over but alcohol did not have wide acceptance among the potential consumers (Lundstrà ¶m 2005). Even after it was made legal by the federal government, the state government perpetuate prohibition by limiting the hours of drinking and distribution systems of beers to make the Americans accept beer as good drink. The pol itical environment includes taxation procedures that are in the country. Currently, the tax is 40% of the retail prices, which is a higher rate of taxation compared with taxation in other countries such as Germany (Lundstrà ¶m 2005). The imported beer sales volume is at par with the locally produced beer in United States (Appendix 1). Regulation of the beer industry has also affected its profit margins due to regulation on advertising, as it is perceived to be deceptive to public on the advantages of drinking beer (Strokes 2010). The economic factors United States of America is the world’s largest economy. It boasts of having the world’s highest gross domestic product as well as highest per capita income of $48,000. The country has a population of approximately 300,000 million people. It is the largest exporter of electronics and technological goods such as computers as well as organic waste (The World Bank 2010). The first economic aspect that has affected the beer i ndustry is the global recession, which has reduced the volume of beer consumption in the country. The other economic factor relates to the increased competition across the globe due to the merger and acquisition of the beer companies resulting to concentration of beer industries (Appendix 3).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, the United Distillers, one of the major importers of beer in the United States has acquired more than forty establishments of beer distribution in the United States (Espey 1989). Social cultural factors Americans have a high sense of style and self-importance and everything that helps them to perpetuate this image has a wide acceptance (Strokes 2010). This explains how Heinemann has managed to sell its classic drinks in the United States successfully. In a survey conducted by the institute of beer manufacturers, it showed that sixty percent of those who drink beer are between eighteen and forty five years of age (Appendix 4). It also indicated that beer drinking exists in all social economic classes although it was low among people with $50,000 per capital income (Espey 1989). To understand the culture better, the existing literature especially fictional works indicate instances where the characters were in a binge and the types of beer that they drunk (Swedberg 2009). The social cultural environment in the United States of America shows prevalence of drinking beer in the country. It also provides information on how beer marketers can capitalise on this market (Andriani et al. 2004). Technological factors Technology has affected the beer industry in the United States in a number of ways. The first way involves the methods of beer production. With increased technology especially the development of enterprise resources planning systems beer industries have increased (Appendix 9). The companies have reduced their costs of operations and managed to reduce the selling price. The use of Enterprise Resource Planning has enabled the companies to reduce administrative costs such as payroll processing to pay the workers, supplier management and inventory management (Schultz 2000). Technology is also useful in fermenting, processing and eventual production of beer and this has significantly reduced costs of production. Technology has also been useful in marketing the beer products all over the globe through the traditional media such as the television as well as the social networks. The ability to integrate technology in marketing and production activities gives the companies advantage over their competitors (Pratesi 1994).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Beer in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The environmental and ecological factors Beer is made from fermented food materials such as rice, corn and barley. With the increased globa l climatic changes, the demand for food has increased and led to increase in the prices of these commodities. This has made the production costs of beer to be high (Appendix 5). The environment advocacy groups advocate for companies to be energy and environment conscious. Most of the companies have also engaged or used their resources in environment conservation efforts (Beverage World 2000). The other environmental factor relates to the increase in lifestyle related diseases in the United States of America where many people suffer from obesity, diabetes, blood pressure and kidney ailments. These ailments have made people more conscious and reserved from enjoying alcoholic beverages due to their contribution on the diseases. This has affected the companies negatively as it has reduced the overall number of beer consumers in the country (Lundstrà ¶m 2005). Buyer power The buyers have economic power as the capital consumption of beer in the United States is 121 litres. This shows tha t beer consumption in the country is not ingrained compared with other European countries like Germany, which has per capita consumption of 140 litres. The beer industry in the United States contributes approximately $228 billion where $71 billion goes to wages and salaries of those involved in production of beer in the country (The World Bank 2010). The economic recession, which intensified in the year 2008, has affected buyer power significantly. The unemployment and job losses affected many people negatively. However, the beer industry has not been fully affected mainly because of beer being an addictive substance that people who have a habit of drinking cannot stop doing (Appendix 4). However, this has affected the sale of classic drinks that have reduced since 2008 (Barnes Reports 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Suppliers There are two types of suppliers in the United States beer industry. The first type of suppliers deal with raw materials such as barley, rice sugar and corn which are the ingredients of beer. Although their supplies are critical they have diminished influence on the industry as they are many and competition among suppliers lowers the prices of this ingredients (Appendix 10). The second class of suppliers who have influence on the beer market are suppliers who supply technology and equipment. They are powerful and they have more influence as technology reduces the cost of production and operations. Therefore, established beer companies establish good relationship with these suppliers to ensure that they are abreast with technological changes that will improve their operations (Barnes Reports 2012). Globalisation as a political factor has influence on the beer markets in the United States. The liberalisation of markets allowing importation of beer from other countries has le d to the entry of variety of beer and alcoholic brands in the country has also reduced the suppliers influence in the industry. New entrants There are new entrants who have entered the beer market since the year 1990, such as Seagram, Allied and Heinemann that entered the market courtesy of globalisation. However, there are stringent licensing regulations in the United States that makes it hard for the new entrants (Appendix 2). However, with globalisation new entrants come in through take over by multinationals or mergers with foreign beer companies (Beverage World 2000). This has hindered creativity in beer industry marketing and advertising due to such regulations. Other regulations pertain to the entry into the industry where the licensing procedures are complicated and designed to lock out new players who want to enter the industry (Lundstrà ¶m 2005). Substitutes The main substitutes for beer about alcoholic industry are wines and sprits. However, this can be termed as differe ntiation rather than substitution. Substitutes such as non-alcoholic drinks have increased their sales especially processed fresh juices. This is especially due to the health-based marketing, which portrays alcohol as harmful. Pepsi and Coca-Cola have dominated this market of non-alcoholic drinks (Beverage World 2000). The main substitute is the soft drinks that have competed successfully with the beer industry. Pepsi has been very competitive and its products are consumed in the market. Rivalry Rivalry in the industry is fierce due to the need to compete for the market. The competition between the industry players is well displayed through commercials and marketing campaign with each beer company trying to appeal the consumers differently. The rivalry comes through price wars, distributorship and legal actions (Appendix 5). Currently, most of the companies in the industry prefer to use the traditional distribution systems such as retail stores or establishments such as bars and res taurants (Espey 1989). The future of beer industry in the United States is brighter because of the increased number of beer brands and young consumers. The economic forecasts show that the economy will be out of recession in the year 2014 and this will lead to expansion of the beer industry. The overall sales volume of beer in the country grew by 4% in the year 2012 (Appendix 7). Similar growth is expected in the year 2013 and even more growth is expected in the country (Barnes Reports 2012). Conclusion The beer industry is one of the greatest industries in America with significant contribution to the economy of the country. Increasing production as well as ensuring that there are factors relating to the development and creation of resources that pertain to the prosperity of country will ensure the development of resources and the issues relating to the expansion of the industry. References Andriani, L, Gold, F, Rotella, M, Scharf, M. 2004, ‘Travels with barley: a journey thr ough beer culture in America’, Emily Publishers Weekly, vol. 8, pp.42. Barnes Reports 2012, U.S. Beer and ale wholesale industry. Web. Beverage World 2000, ‘Brew u? Labatt USA opens beer academy’, Beverage World News, 15 May, pp.16. Espey, J 1989, ‘The big four: an examination of the international drinks industry’, International Journal of Wine Marketing, vol. 1, no. 2, pp.47-64. Lundstrà ¶m, A 2005, Beer production policy: theory and practice, Springer, New York. Pratesi, C 1994, ’Miller beer,’ Management Decision, vol. 32, pp.25-28. Schultz, M 2000, The expressive organisation: linking identity, reputation and the corporate brand, Oxford University Press, New York. Strokes, R 2010, E-marketing: the essential guide to online marketing, McGraw Hill, New York. Swedberg R 2009, Beer: the social science view, Oxford University Press, Oxford. The World Bank 2010, Doing business 2011: making a difference in beer industry, International Fina nce Corporation, Washington, D.C. Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Four major beer companies in the globe and their market share Appendix 3 Import versus domestic consumption Appendix 3 Changes in the beer industry.  Employment 2009 2010 2012 2013 Establishments 2, 175 2, 187 2, 099 1, 933 Sales 40, 393 44, 164 45, 486 49,877 Employment 111,627 107,104 104,786 101,772 Percentage Change Year to Year 09 – 10 10 – 11 11 – 12 12 – 13 Establishments 0.5% -4.0% -2.2% -2.9% Sales 9.3% 3.0% 5.5% 4.0% Employment 0.6% -4.1% -2.2% -2.9% Appendix 4 Estimated number of beer establishments Establishments beer 480 Beer and ale 80 Beer and other fermented 975 Porter 564 Appendix 5 Estimated number of employees Establishments Employees Beer 23, 947 Beer and ale 13, 335 Beer and other fermented 81, 205 Porter 4, 167 Appendix 6 Estimated number of industry sales Establishments Total sales $ (million) beer 5, 940 Beer and ale 473.20 Beer and other fermented 38,986.4 Porter 86. 7 Appendix 7 Five-year trend of sales Year    Employee size of establishment Total sales $ millions    1 – 4 5 – 9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 2009   Ã‚  Ã‚   546 249 992 4,960 7,590 16,920 7,020 720 500 897 40,393    2010 597 272 1,084 5,422 8,297 18,497 7,674 787 547 987 44,164    2011 615 280 1,117 5,585 8,546 19,051 7,904 811 563 1,014 45,486 2012 648 296 1,178 1,178 5,890 9,014 20,093 8,337 855,594 1,073 47,977    2013 674 307 1,224 6,123 9,370 20,887 8,666 9, 017 889 617 1,119 49,877 Appendix 8 Establishments using electronic resource planning software Appendix 9 Contribution to the economy in comparison with other industries in USA Appendix 10 Rise in prices of raw materials This essay on Beer in USA was written and submitted by user Aria Richardson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Inevitable Torture essays

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Environmental factors that influence Sony Corporation

Environmental factors that influence Sony Corporation Sony Corp. History and introduction Sony was founded in 1946 by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita. With a mix of a inimitable blend of product innovation and marketing savvy, both of them form a company that eventually grow into more than $60 billion global organization. (Sony, 2010) With branches all over the world and with an annual revenue about 68.39 billion US dollars, it can be considered as a huge company. The companys headquarters are situated in Shinagawa, Tokyo. It is one of the leaders in the field of electronic equipment, communication and information technology (IWALOM LIMITED, 2010). In this assignment, we will discuss about the macro and micro environmental factors that might influence Sonys company. Macro environmental factors Political factor Political factors could have a direct impact on the ways Sony operates. Government often makes new decisions involving policy or legislation and it affect daily business In the directive of businesses, the political factors have a huge influence. An example of political factors that affects Sony which includes government laws is minimum wage law. This would affect Sony as the minimum wage law keeps changing every year. As in the same time product cost also keeps on changing, this will make Sony facing losses. Due to various governmental regulations in the different countries, Sony has to adapt different strategies in the countries it operates. Sony had passed a Global Policy On Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in 1998. It deals with group standard and shows Sonys cares about the health and safety of its employees. It also requires fullfilment with all the laws regarding ooccupational health and safety. (Sony Corporation, 2009). To manage the chemicals which the use of it is controlled by goverment ennvironmental legislation use at sites, a group-wide common approach is developed by Sony. Sony not only manage the chemicals used but also the amount released into the air, water and soil in order to not affect the environment. Sony sites apply internal standards based on Japans Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) (Sony Corporation, 2009). Among Class 1 substances, Sony used 412 kilograms of mercury as an additive in button batteries and 30 kilograms of lead solder, which is used in certain exceptional cases, including automotive applications. Sony used perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) that is Class 2 substances in semiconductor fabrication in fiscal year 2009, but eliminated this substance in March 2010. Class 3 chemical substances are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and greenhouse gases. The Sony Groups target in terms of the atmospheric release of VOCs is to achieve an absolute reduction of 40% or more from the fiscal year 2000 level by fiscal year 2010. In fiscal year 2009, Sony released approximately 1,190 tons of Class 3 chemical substances, which is 204 tons less than in fiscal year 2008 and 35% less than in fiscal year 2000. The principal factor behind this decline was the implementation of production adjustments in response to the global economic downturn. With new semiconductor fabrication facilities expected to come on line, Sony expects emissions of Class 3 substances to increase and will take steps to counteract these increases, including installing gas scrubbing equipment and amending production processes. (Sony Corporation, 2009) This is how Sony Corporation manage all the harmful chemicals used by them. Lastly, political factors could have a direct impact on the ways Sony operates. The impact that could impact Sony Corporation is an international company and in all countries the leadership style is different. Sony utilsed a Global Policy On Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in 1998. It shows Sonys cares about the health and safety of its employees. Sony not only manage the chemicals used but also the amount released into the air, water and soil in order to not affect the environment.Although Sony use three class of chemical substances which are quite harmful for their products, but Sony have taken a full measures to make sure not harming the environment This shows Sony Corporation cares about the environment and also obey goverment rules that is do not harm the environment. Lastly, Sony Corporation is an international company that does business in the whole world. It is important for Sony to follow all the rules implied by the goverment. Social factors Demographic and cultural aspects includes in the social factors of the external environment. Sony has also been affected by social issues from time to time. This is mainly because Sony has so widely expanded into different cultures and different markets that it tends to become hard to deal with all the diversity. The social factors which influences Sony varies in each country. These show the customers needs and the size of the potential markets in every country. Social factors such as health consciousness of customers and consumer health rates might affect Sony. Usually the older population may not be interested in the latest Sony Products which includes more advance technology despite the better income they may receive, they are more interested in the simplicity of the products they buy. Countries such as third world countries, for example some Asian and African countries may not be able to afford to buy Sony products which are quite expensive products. Instead these consumers will on the other hand buy a cheaper brand. Home life changes have a big influence on attitudes and expectations of consumer. Nowadays, telephone and catalogue sales are increasingly popular. Lately many youths demand better features such as better access to entertainments in their electronic products. This creates a demand for Sonys products such as Play Station Portable (PSP) and Sony MP3 Player. Research shows that by 2005 Japans population will be over age of 65. Thus, Sony home-care robots for elders will soon be a social necessity (Kunii, I. M. and Port, O., 2001). Lastly, social factor is one of the factors that affect Sonys business. The social factors which influences Sony varies in each country. These show the customers needs and the size of the potential markets in every country. Social factor involve customers income, attitude, behaviour and other factors of a customer. It is important for Sony to fully understand and know well about customer. So that, they can target their specific product to which type of consumer they want to sell. Ecological Environment Climate change is something unpredictable and unchangeable. It might become a threat to Sony corporate activities and also society. Generally, it is also give a chance to Sony an opportunity to become one of the solutions. Sony tackle climate change is an important commitment for them. this is to ensure their business continuity. Sony strongly believes that there is a need for protect the environment. Moreover, responses and eco conscious actions must be taken before it gives impact to Sony Company. For instance, rising sea levels and abnormal weather which cause by climate change could predict the underlying physical risks. Furthermore, the markets might change a flow, as their perceptions change to another purchasing trend. Sony has realized this problem where it could be social and financial ramifications, so to deal with legal and regulatory developments; the Company is evaluating the risks and also be alert to solve this problem anytime. For example, the Company started to collect information on laws and regulation in force in different countries to make sure that activities and products are match with the existing requirements. Moreover, climate change might influence Sony existing opportunities. An obvious example is the highly use of products boasting improved energy efficiency ratings to help minimize the factors that spur climate change (Sony, 2011). Sonys electronics products mainly contain few hundred or thousand parts that made from chemical substances. If these parts are not handed well, it may harm the environment. To prevent such environmental harm, Sony has set up necessary procedures according with the EUs Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulations requirement. So, Sony follows the JIB initiative (Joint Industry Guide) to collect data on certain chemical substances that buy from suppliers. At last, Sony follows the survey response tool by JGPSSI (Japanese Green Procurement Survey Standardization Initiative) for materials declaration that contains information on the parts, purpose of use and so on (Sony, 2011). Sony should obey the rules and laws to continue their business and also to preserve the environment. Additionally, Sony has to think more solution to face the climate change and ways to protect the environment. Environment technology Sony is working hard on their products to reduce the effect towards the environment. It is to decrease the total energy that used and also reduce the resource in their product, such as BRAVIA and VAIO. Moreover, Sony has an effective supply chain management of controlling, reducing, and eliminating the use of chemical substances on their products. For instance, recycled plastic in product and the development of vegetables based product. All these are to preserve the environment being polluted (Sony, 2011). Sony has compliance lab at Stuttgart, Germany which specialize in efficient and accurate of chemical compounds and materials that can match with their electronic products. Among their initiatives, they are using more and more recycled materials, and renewable energy in factories and offices which use around 32 sites in Europe alone itself. However, starting 2010, Sonys objective is to maintain sustainable consumer electronic brand. Moreover, they are also wish to continue their success work in 2009. The main purpose of the eco activity is to show that technology can overcome the climate change and how they can help with the change. So, Sony office, warehouses and manufacturing around Europe have cut down CO2 emissions drastically, but they are still aiming to cut down more 10% emission for UK specific sites. Sony has established green teams in the UK businesses where people coordinate activity and the communication at different sites. This includes cutting general power consumption i n facilities and offices, employee travel especially flights. Additionally, some of the effort and new ways can bring former costs down and help reconstruct business models in a different economical ways. Nowadays, people are more concern companies environment standpoint. Companies which are environmentally friendly, practices, products, and services are being seen by the buyers and also stakeholders (GreenPacks.org, 2011). Sony Europe is applying their eco thinking so that they can maximize the use of the renewable energy. Sony uses renewable energy is to reduce carbon dioxide emission. In year 2008, a record shown that a reduction of 55,216 tons of CO2 emissions in Europe, itself (92,000 tons globally). Sony uses shipping more efficiently by reducing the packaging and the size towards less CO2 intensive forms of transport such as barge transport (Sony, 2011). Next is about dye sensitized solar cell. It can produce electricity by converting energy from light. This type of cell is produced by low cost materials so manufacturing expenditures will be lower. Moreover, vegetable based plastic can last long and fire resistant which is suitable use for durable consumer goods. Sony has decided use this material in year 2002 for walkman cases use. After that, it has been widely used in different products including DVD players, VAIO devices and so on (Sony, 2011). It is undeniable that technologies can help to protect the environment, so Sony should take this advantage to maximize the use of technology and contribute it to the environment. The uses of technology can reduce carbon dioxide; apparently can avoid green house effect. Customer No customer there is no business. Customer satisfaction will be a target of company. SONY business can improve customer satisfaction. (David Eaves, 2010) If we make the customer feel that they are special, customer will be appreciate us and help in increase our dividends in business with support our product. (Adhijik Naik, 2011) For example, SONY camera gives a high quality services to customers and meet their needs. Sonys promoter will give more details and information to customers when they have question or problem with buying SONY camera. Information about SONY camera will attract their interested in SONY camera and needs. They will feel more satisfy when using SONY camera. Then their satisfaction will be achieved through SONY camera. So, customers are very important in our business because they can easily influence our level of business. Then, with customer it will increase sales by up selling and cross selling other products. (David Eaves, 2010) Up selling means promote the product to attractive customer to buy it while cross selling means sell the product in another branch. SONY will have an excellent profit and their sales will increased with loyal customer to support it. For example, SONYs promoter describes the function and advantages of SONY camera to customer and compared with another product. They use their technique to persuade customer such as cheaper prices or special package of SONY camera. Besides, customer can satisfy and increasing requires of business on the need to efficiently route and apply fresh idea. Customer can also help in increasing business revenue. (Gaynor Borade, non-year) For example, customer will purchase the SONY camera and SONY Company will earn profit from them and their business will achieve a high target. SONY Company also always creates some new fresh function of SONY camera to attractive customer to purchase in order to earn profit and their loyalty to SONY camera. So, SONY Company will have a stable commerce with emergence of the customer. In addition, customer can become addition of the businesss behavior. Thats mean customer enable the entrepreneur to observe the growth of business into dream mission planned. (Gaynor Borade, non-year) To success in a business, entrepreneur always observe customers needs, wants, and demands in order to make a strong strategy to attain achievement. For example, they create the SONY camera according to customers favourite for instance different colour of camera and it will attract them to purchase it even improve business environment to better. From the analysis above, it is obviously that customer is very important to SONY Company because customers needs, wants, and demands even their response will influence the SONY camera will be purchased or not. More customers there will higher market value of SONY camera while fewer customers there will lowest market value of SONY camera. Supplier Suppliers always work as equal partner and building relationships according to mutual trust (Sony Corporation, 2011). A supplier can satisfy a market function when he creates a new relationship with customer and partners. (Walter A., 2003) For example, suppliers promote and transmit the SONY camera to partners and have a good communication with them when they are selling SONY camera to customer. When partners satisfy with supplier and SONY camera then they will continue have a business with them in order to satisfy a market function. After that, Sony strengthens relationship with suppliers in make stronger technological capability, guarantee and advancing the quality of parts and sustaining competitive prices. Besides that, Sony manage and observing Sony Group Environmental Vision together with supplier in order to protect the global environment and realize a sustainable culture. (Sony Corporation, 2011) So, suppliers have strong bargaining power in SONY Company. Suppliers are very important in developing new technology of SONY camera in SONY Company. Sony Company always creates and supply camera to customers in order to fulfil their needs, wants and demands. So, suppliers are important to become Sony partners to provide the product to customers and create a value in SONY Company. When supplier provides different prices and materials of SONY camera then it will affect competitive among SONY. Then SONY Companys business will reduced and less profit will be gained. So, SONY Company are always expects supplier to provide items at greatly reasonable prices and make a concentrated effort to decrease cost. (Sony Corporation, 2011) Lastly, it shows that supplier is vital in SONY companies. It plays a role in building relationship and strengthens it among customer and SONY product. Suppliers service will bring good outcomes for SONY companies and get a well performance in the market. Intermediaries Retailer and wholesaler are included in intermediaries. Regarding to SONYs website analysis, without intermediaries there is a difficult to get SONY product. (Sony electronics Inc, 2011) For example, intermediaries need to purchase SONY camera from SONY Company and set an acceptable prices even a quality package of SONY camera in order to fulfil customer and let them easy to purchase SONY camera. These processes are vital in a business. Through research of SONYs website, retailer is also helps customer to prevent from buying low quality product. When customer purchase SONY camera from retailer, they can be assured that they are purchasing a high quality product. Retailer can confirm quality of SONY camera and provide warranty for customers. If retailer fulfil customer satisfaction there will achieve a high level of business because of high responses from SONY customer. So, retailer can assure customers to have greatest experience when buying a SONY camera from reseller. (Sony electronics Inc, 2011) With SONYs analysis, SONY retailers can produce assistance in setting up customers products and provide a good customer service to them. They can provide a good customer experience that can helps the customers to make a right decision. SONYs retailer also can assist in sending the value products and service to customers when they buy a SONY camera. (Sony electronics Inc, 2011) For example, retailer can help them and explain the whole SONY cameras function and uses to them and introduce them a good quality product that suitable them and satisfy their needs when they want buy camera. A good service such as talk politely to customer will persuade and influence customer to purchase it. So, retailer is important for customer. From the analysis above, retailer is strongly to help in SONY companies to get a high value in the market. They try to give a good performance to customer and try to meet customers needs. Retailers also fulfil customers requirement. So, retailer is quite vital and their service will be appreciated by customers. Competitors It is crucial for Sony Corporation to watch attentively to its competitor so that they can maintain its position in the market. Sony Corporation has two types of competitor, that is, direct competitor and indirect competitor. Direct competitors are organisations that produce similar products and services (wiseGEEK, 2011). Nokia, Motorola, Canon, Fuji Photo are all examples of direct competitors to Sony (Upvery.com, 2010). Indirect competitors are firms producing different types of products but satisfy the same needs (Rich Harshaw, 2011) of customers. The indirect competitor of Sony is video iPod. In which Sony PSP and iPod produced similar striking feature (Frank Hedley, 2008). Other competitors, especially in the software industry are Microsoft. To maintain its competitive edge, Sony keeps updating the products with latest technologies that make it stable and sustainable over its competitors. The use of advanced technology in products has raised the quality and uniqueness, and has resulted in a mark demand increase. Though other competitors may seemed to be a threat to Sony Corporation, however with the fast paced advance in technology and the unstable global economy, Sony has embarked on collaboration and strategic alliance with its main competitors. Sony is in joint venture with Sony Ericsson which itself is a threat for new market entrants (Butod, 2010). Advanced use of technology in Sony products such as Game Consoles, Video Equipment and Mobile, and continuous production, switching costs and product differentiation has made Sony rather unbeatable in the electronic industry. Apart from forming strategic alliances with its competitors, Sony has reviewed its manufacturing priorities and streamlined its resources to produce electronic products that are in greater demand and has continued producing differentiated products which could ensure its competitive advantage. As reiterated above, Sonys ongoing process and product innovation has made it almost impossible for any current competitors and new entrant to compete them successfully, and this will be the core factor that will ensure Sonys dominance in electronic products consumer market. Thus, despite threats of current competitors and new entrants to the market, Sony Corporation is one of the worlds leading producers of electronic products. Approximately eighty (80) percent of hand-held computers in the United States operate on a Sony operating system while Microsoft which is a major competitor has only sixteen (16) percent of market share. Sony Corporation has hardware market share of sixty (60) % (2002), and other major competitors, Handspring is using Sonys operating system, and hold about 7% and 14% market shares respectively. (Butod, 2009). Government The government imposed regulations to ensure business transactions are conducted in a fair and just manner. Legislations that are passed often influences the productions possibilities of a company and hence the type of goods and services that can be offered to the consumers. Apart from the above, the government also enforce taxation to collect revenue that will maintain itself and supply public services that may be needed by companies such as Sony. For example, Sonys income taxes benefit amounts to $19billion resulting in an effective rate of 10% in Oct 30, 2009 (wikinvest, 2009). In addition to the governments role in regulating companies and taxation, the government also plays a major role in ensuring companies observe corporate social responsibility. An example of Sony taking over public responsibilities is the attitude of how Sony enthusiastically engages themselves in activities related to environment and climate changes. Sony plans to cut down 7% or more of CO2 gas emission comparing to the fiscal year of 2000 levels (Sony Corporation, 2009). In July 2006, Sony joined the WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) with companies that plan and also carry out efforts to reduce greenhouse gases. By participating in this program, Sony is committed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and lower the product annual energy consumption. In short, Sony maintain corporate social responsibility, and though it incurs cost, but in the long run it ensures business sustainability. The Financial Community Shareholders are very important for Sony Company because they support the organizations future expansion. There are two types of shareholders, that is private and institutional. As seen in the chart below, a major portion of Sonys shareholders are the corporation itself (60.18%), followed by foreign investors (27.27%) and subsequently financial institutions (8.74%) (Sony Financial Holdings, 2010). Figure 1: Ownership and distribution of share Resource: http://www.sonyfh.co.jp/en/financial_info_e/shareholder_e/shareholder.html Sony cooperation has to consider the needs and hope of possible investors. The shareholder share represents a certain small percentage of ownership in the company therefore, stockholders has the right to obtain certain percentage of the companys profits in the form of dividends (Farlex, 2009). As in Sony, one of its important management task is to increase in returns to its shareholders, as well as return on equity. Its basic policy on returning profits to its shareholders is to maintain the trust of current shareholders and attract new ones, as well as securing enough retained earnings for future business expansion. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010, Sony provided the year-end cash dividend of  ¥3,000 per share of Sony Financial Holdings totaling to  ¥6,525 million as approved at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders on June 25, 2010. With regards to its retained earnings, Sony has planned to utilize it in exploring new business, including the establishment of an individual annuities subsidiary, investing in information technology systems accompanied by business expansions (Sony Financial Holdings, 2010). Thus, with Sonys dominance in the electronic company, and its high returns to shareholders and retained earnings, Sony is not only able to generate high profits with its current business ventures, but has also sufficient funds to ensure its future expansion in the competitive industry. In conclusion, Sony must not be harming the environment and human being as they are using a lot of chemical substances in their product. Next, they must proper dispose their chemical waste. Furthermore, Sony should cooperate with supplier, government to continue their business and also to compete with their competitors. Sony also has to change their strategy in every country to boost their sales.

research :: essays research papers

History of Computer: -important people Allen, Paul G. - Co-founder of Microsoft Corp. Allen left the company in 1985 but remained on the board of directors and as founded or financially supported several innovative computer ventures, including Asymetrix and Starware Corp. He is involved with a variety of other projects, including a Jimi Hendrix Museum in Seattle. Amdahl, Gene M - South Dakota native who helped design the IBM 704, the S/360 series. He was the founder of the Amdahl Corp. Andreessen, Marc - Co-founder (at the age of 22) of Netscape Communications, along with Silicon Graphics founder James H. Clark. Before Andreessen graduated from the University of Illinois in Champaign, he had created the NCSA Mosaic prototype with a team of students and staff at the university's National Center for Supercomputing Applications. Babbage, Charles (1791-1871) - Eccentric, English mathematician who is considered to have conceptualized the modern computer a century before technology let it be built. He conceptualized the Difference Engine, a machine that would have computed lengthy scientific tables, but money, labor, and health problems prevented its completion. The Analytical Engine, a more ambitious plan, would have done a wide range of calculating tasks. With it, Babbage recognized the need for an input device, memory, a central processing unit, and an output device, and for this he is known as the Father of Computing. Backus, John W. - Mathematician from Philadelphia who headed the research team at IBM that created FORTRAN, the first machine independent programming language. -important devices/developments Floppy Drive - The floppy drive is always called "Drive A:". A floppy disk can hold 1.5 megabytes of data. That's about 1,500,000 characters or letters (or about 300,000 words). That's more than enough space for the text of a large book. Pictures, however, take up a great deal of room. You could only fit a small number of good-quality pictures (or graphics) on a floppy disk. Hard drive - This drive uses disks that are made of aluminium or glass (and therefore 'hard'). Each disk can store much more information than either a floppy or CD-ROM. Sometimes, there may be several disks in a hard drive. However, the disks in a normal hard drive can not be removed or replaced. Today, hard drives are measured in gigabytes. That's one thousand million bytes. 1 gigabyte is about 11/3 CD-ROM disks. Motherboard - Everything inside the computer is connected to a circuit board called the 'motherboard'.

Honeypot Site

Attractive scenery Attractive scenery Castleton Castleton lies towards the north of the National Park. It is 10 miles from Buxton, 16 miles from Sheffield and 27 miles from Stockport. This makes it easy to visit from larger towns that are located near to the national park. It’s located in Derbyshire at the bottom of the Pennine range. Castleton Castleton lies towards the north of the National Park. It is 10 miles from Buxton, 16 miles from Sheffield and 27 miles from Stockport. This makes it easy to visit from larger towns that are located near to the national park.It’s located in Derbyshire at the bottom of the Pennine range. Why is Castleton a honeypot site? Why is Castleton a honeypot site? Case study: Castleton Case study: Castleton ? Tourist attractions Tourist attractions Jewellery shops within the village Jewellery shops within the village Blue John mine, caverns Blue John mine, caverns Attractive scenery Attractive scenery Easy access via roads Easy access via r oads Mam Tour Mam Tour Facts about Castleton Facts about Castleton Population: 649 people (2001 census)Jobs: Unlike villages in many rural parts of Britain, the population of Castleton is greater now than it was 50 years ago. Although there are still a number of farmers in the area, many of the population are now commuters, quarry workers or earn their living from tourism. Services for residents * 3 small shops * Mobile green grocer visits once a week * Police house within the village * Church in the village * Village Hall * Mobile library available once a week * Petrol stations * Pubs Services for visitors * 7 B&B’s * 4 hotels 4 camp sites * Youth hostel * Numerous tourist shops * Cafes * A visitor centre Castleton is also popular as a base for touring in the National Park and for active sports such as climbing, caving, pony trekking, hang gliding, cycling and walking. There are several Outdoor Pursuits centres nearby. Impacts of tourism Impacts of tourism * Erosion of the m any footpaths around the area, especially Winnats Pass and the footpath to Mam Tor, has been the subject of a detailed study. * Congestion in the village is a problem to locals and visitors.There is a large car park, with space for coaches, and public toilets but at peak times (Summer Sundays or during the Garland ceremony) the parking provision is not enough and the congestion spoils the character of the village and affects its enjoyment by all. * More jobs have been created thanks to the tourism industry. * Because there is an increase in employment there will therefore, be a reduction on the crime rates * Jobs are created. Therefore people have more money to spend on local goods and services. Multiplier effect – by creating a factory and providing new jobs, the local economy grows by more than the original cash injection * Second homes: Many wealthy urban dwellers buy second homes in the countryside. The Peak District is surrounded by large settlements e. g. Manchester, Sh effield and Derby so this phenomenon has happened here as well. This can cause house inflation, rural depopulation and service decline. * Seasonal employment: Tourism tends to be at its highest during late spring, summer and early autumn.Because of the decline during the winter, many locals will lose their jobs during the quieter periods. Management Management * Improvements such as surfacing paths in local stone or re-routing certain paths have been undertaken. * The importance of tourism to the local economy needs to be balanced against the danger of over-commercialisation. More and bigger car parks may increase visitor numbers and create even more problems * An increasing number of litter bins have been provided throughout the village. Increasing the amount of bus routes will tackle the problem of an excessive number of cars * Adding more ‘double yellow’ lines will mean that there will be less parking in inconvenient places for residents. * Redistribution of tourists : There are a number of locations in the Peak District that are honeypot locations e. g. Castleton and Bakewell. One suggested solutions has been to promote other villages and destinations to try and redistribute the number of tourists. * Improved signage and education: Some tourists drop litter, leave gates open. etc.With improved information signs and also better education of the problems it causes, some problems can be reduced Residents and tourists Conflicts between different groups of people in Castleton Conflicts between different groups of people in Castleton Unsurprisingly the largest amount of conflict that has arisen in Castleton is between local residents and tourists. One of the largest reasons behind this is traffic. With a high concentration of tourists come a great amount of vehicles these can cause traffic jams along the villages country roads this can delay the ease of travel for local residents.Pollution from cars is also a big element to the conflict pollution can have a harmful effect on the peak district and its wildlife. Another conflict between tourist and locals is the amount of noise. Living in a quaint Derbyshire village residents want to live in a peaceful environment however having large groups of tourists means there will be a large amount of noise pollution which can be disruptive to their way of life. Another conflict between tourists and local residents is the carelessness of some tourists who drop litter around the village.Residents want visitors to respect their home village and keep it clean and tidy however this wish is often ignored and upsets residents. There are many other smaller conflicts between the locals and tourists that occur in Castleton. Issues like tourists peering into gardens and cottages causes conflicts because locals want privacy. Now that tourists have the right to roam, there can often be conflicts between landowners and tourists, over where people can walk and what they can do.Farmers and tourists Farmer s and tourists may come into conflict because litter dropped by tourists may harm livestock (animals), the noise created by tourists and vehicles may disturb animals, especially during lambing periods. Tourists may also leave footpaths and damage crops or leave gates open and allow animals to escape. Tourists may be annoyed by farmers because on restrictions of their right to roam and aggressive animals. Farm traffic may also cause traffic jams and delay tourists.

Acid-Base Titration Experiment essays

Acid-Base Titration Experiment essays To titrate a hydrochloric acid solution of unknown concentration with standardized 0.50 M sodium hydroxide and to utilize the titration data to calculate the molarity of the hydrochloric acid, and the molarity. Prepare for lab. Put on apron and goggles. Take 50 mL of the hydrochloric acid solution of unknown concentration and about 100 mL of the standardized NaOH solution. Record the value in Table. Use suction bulb, pipet 10.0 mL of the HCl solution into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, after rinsing your pipet with small amount of HCL first. Add 3 drops of phenolphthalein solution. Rinse a clean buret with approximately 15 mL of the standardized NaOH solution. Drain the buret and refill with standardized NaOH solution. Record the initial volume of the NaOH in the buret in your Table. Gradually dispense some of the standardized NaOH solution into the titration flask. Swirl the flask constantly. Continue adding NaOH, noting any changes in the flask. As the equivalence point approached, a pinkish color will appear, and the dissipate more slowly as the titration proceeds. Now add NaOH drop by drops. Stop when the addition of a single drop causes the solution to remain pinkish for 30s. Record the volume of NaOH needed to reach the equivalence point in your copy table 1, and repeat the procedure again from getting 10.0 mL sample of HCL and compare the result. Mix any leftover acids and bases together to neutralize, and pour down the sink with plenty of water. MOLARITY OF NaOH TRIAL 1 TRAIL 2 TRAIL 3 ...

Thank You, God Quotes Express Appreciation

Thank You, God Quotes Express Appreciation If you are grateful for your lifes blessings and want to thank God for them, you can express your thanks in prayers and deeds. Spend a few moments every night to say a small thank you to God: not just for your successes; offer your thanks even when you fail. Failures are the stepping stones to success. Ask God to guide you through your difficulties so that you emerge strong. Find your inner strength by focusing your energies on your goal. These thank you, God quotes are more than expressions of gratitude. They inspire you to have humility and sincerity. They remind you that you are lucky to have your desires fulfilled and that you should not take your blessings for granted. Many others, though not as lucky as you, have overcome their difficulties and continued on their path. Fortune favors the brave, but dont let your achievements make you overconfident or ungrateful. Stay humble; a small mistake can wipe out your fortunes. Mitt Romney Our worldly successes cannot be guaranteed, but our ability to achieve spiritual success is entirely up to us, thanks to the grace of God. The best advice I know is to give those worldly things your best but never your all- reserve the ultimate hope for the only one who can grant it. Joseph Hall What I have done is worthy of nothing but silence and forgetfulness, but what God has done for me is worthy of everlasting and thankful memory. Rosie Cash Just a thank you is a mighty powerful prayer. Says it all. Ben Stein I thought that all of the sacrifices and blessings of the whole history of mankind have devolved upon me. Thank you, God. White Eagle Happiness is the realization of God in the heart. Happiness is the result of praise and thanksgiving, of faith, of acceptance; a quiet tranquil realization of the love of God. e.e cummings I thank you, God, for this most amazing day, for the leaping greenly spirits of trees, and for the blue dream of sky and for everything which is natural, which is infinite, which is yes. William Arthur Ward God gave you a gift of 86,400 seconds today. Have you used one to say thank you? James Russell Lowell Thank God every morning when you get up that you have something to do that day, which must be done, whether you like it or not. A.W. Tozer Perhaps it takes a purer faith to praise God for unrealized blessings than for those we once enjoyed or those we enjoy now. Jean Ingelow I have lived to thank God that all my prayers have not been answered. Henry David Thoreau Thank God men cannot fly and lay waste the sky as well as the Earth. Thomas Goodwin Those blessings are sweetest that are won with prayer and worn with thanks. John Milton Gratitude bestows reverence changing forever how we experience life and the world. Steven Cojocaru Thank you to all for your prayers and good wishes. It gave me the strength to persevere and warmed my heart. Meister Eckhart If the only prayer you ever say in your entire life is thank you, it will be enough. Garrison Keillor Thank you, dear God, for this good life and forgive us if we do not love it enough. Thank you for the rain. And for the chance to wake up in three hours and go fishing: I thank you for that now, because I wont feel so thankful then. Fritz Scholder I give thanks every day that Ive been able to take my craziness and make it work for me. Israelmore Ayivor Ingratitude to God does not rely only on our refusal to give the verbal Thanksgiving due to him but also resides in our inability to appreciate his gifts and potentials in us by leaving them untapped. Sarah Ban Breathnach â€Å"Every time we remember to say thank you, we experience nothing less than heaven on Earth.†

Feature pegged to election 2012 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Feature pegged to election 2012 - Essay Example In Florida, early voting is different from absentee balloting since early voting occurs at multiple locations while utilizing similar machines like those applied during Election Day. On the other hand, Florida absentee voters need to move to the administrator of election office, before filling out a mail-in ballot (Coleman, 4). Candidly, absentee votes count as it permits voters, in addition to those who are not able to get to the polling stations due to health issues, as well as the elderly the chance to vote. Furthermore, the existing system offers every support possible, specifically, the system offers a lot of time to register for the ballot online, in addition to sending emails every step of the way for proper verification. Moreover, it has been made much easier for the voter to research the candidates and their issues, with the actual ballot in front of them. Mark Stillwell, who is looking forward to voting in November, believes that the basic absentee voting system is okay, bu t it can be superior if there is an audit trail, which could verify that individual votes are counted. For instance, several Federal laws still guide the department of defense officials, in ascertaining military personnel serving beyond state and overseas when it comes to requesting, acquiring, and casting their absentee ballots. Certainly, this is an obvious disadvantage that suppresses military votes to be decided by only senior civilian officials in Pentagon. Whilst the pros of absentee voting are rather obvious, the cons are fairly ambiguous. The reason being that, absentee ballots, are pegged on decisions from local election officials, who interpret them using their individual state laws (Coleman, 4). Thus, this creates confusion as most of absentee ballots are often discarded due to technicalities. For instance, Erica Stillwell interviewed for this segment, says that â€Å"my ballot came with a "privacy sleeve" that I had to fill out with my personal information so they knew it was my ballot. It's supposed to be separated from my ballot to keep it all confidential, but I think it's a system that could be easily abuse†. Thus, this has caused her to be a little bit unease regarding the privacy of the whole process. Some of the absentee voters do not feel totally secure that their votes will be counted. Erica Stillwell argues in support of this conception by providing her own experience, â€Å"I also received three identical emails telling me that my ballot had been received, which makes me even more nervous about the validity of the system†. Despite of this indecision, she says â€Å"I honestly actually missed all the ceremony built up around Election Day too... I hate standing in line, but I always did feel a certain civic pride going to the polls and coming out with my "I voted" sticker†. Erica Stillwell fears are by no means unreal, since Florida overseas ballot voting statutes gives room for candidates’ campaigners to trove, incoming ballots via mail from the state residing abroad. They are also able to mount legal plus public relations battle to influence canvassing boards within their strongholds, so as to waive Florida election regulations in counting the overseas absentee ballots. There are numerous reasons that cause most people to distrust Florida absentee voting process, especially given that most are complaining that they do not feel absolutely convinced that their votes

Generating Decision Alternatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Generating Decision Alternatives - Essay Example Controlling a business means having control of the commodity one is supplying. In the case where one’s competitors are supplying your commodities, they can dictate the quality and quantity which is not good for business (Gilbert, Pinel, Wilson, Blumberg and Wheatley, 2002). GM barred Saturn from the access of new products in the market which lowered their income. The UAW then waged war on Saturn’s labor reforms which was intended to keep Saturn from spreading its tentacles to other GM factories (The Wall Street Journal, 2009). The UAW made Saturn agree to a contract which eliminated most of the work skills that only UAW members can perform. This meant that Saturn comprised mostly of UAW members who with any gain for the company, they also aimed at benefiting. The UAW members were also assigned to all executives and managers of Saturn and hence they formed part of the decision making team. They were able to manipulate many decisions in their favor which killed the company gradually. With the harsh labor conditions and the harsh agreement on the supply of commodity, Saturn could no longer stay in the market. The leaders at Saturn had the assumption that procuring vehicles from GM would enable them to compete favorably with other related firms. This was not the case since GM was also their competitors and being the creators of the firm, GM had to find a way to kill is the competitor and partner. The GM and UAW leaders could only be coaxed with the reasonable way of sharing profits. The Saturn leaders would also consider legal bindings, which may bar THE UAW from interfering in their business. To deal with the assumption above, the company needed to lure GM to deal which involved a high profit share. A share of about 60% and 40% or 70% and 30% would be enough to coax the GM leaders. This would give another income option to GM and they would do anything to keep their source of income in the