Emilias Speech in Othello and Its Teachings Essay

Emilias speech and its teachings. In the play Othello The Moor of Venice, by William Shakespeare, Emilias speech (4.3.84-103) has been called renaissance plea to womens liberation. This is because she tells of what she has experienced with her husband Iago, and what is bound to happen to her mistress Desdemona. Comparing their both lives in her speech, it vividly explains what happens to so many women in who are in a relationship, who find themselves in the same problem. According to her speech, there are some married women who do cheat on their husbands, there are problems in marriage relationships that men are the cause of them and she warns men that women can do what men can do. There must have been a good reason that made†¦show more content†¦To Emilia, the power of doing something for sake of the one you love is new form expression that a woman of their age and new age still battle with, but sometimes it works. Emilia didnt have a very wonderful marriage relationship with her husband Iago. She wished for more because she really loved Iago and did some bad things like stealing the handkerchief that she knew meant so much to Desdemona just to make Iago happy, of which she did not notice(3.3.297-320). In another incident where Emilia is not appreciated by her husband, is seen when Iago is ready to compose a poem for Desdemona, because she is beautiful but refuses to do the same thing to Emilia, his wife (2.1.117-134). According to Emilia, men are the cause of many marital relationships. The jealous men posses make them ruin the relationship they have. In the play, we see this come to pass when Othello, because of being jealous loose the trust he had on his wife to the point of killing her. She further says that, women cheat on their husbands because their husbands dont satisfy their wives sexually for they go to sleep with other women beside their wives (4.3.87-88). Because of these reasons, Emilia warns all men to change their ways and start treating their wives with the respect they deserveShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analyses of Race and Gender Issues in Shakespeares Othello3144 Words   |  13 PagesAnalyses of Race and Gender Issues in Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The discussion of race in Shakespeares Othello has received a great deal of critical attention. Virginia Mason Vaughn, in her book Othello: A Contextual History, surveys this critical history, beginning with Marvin Rosenbergs 1961 book The Masks of Othello (a book documenting the nineteenth-century tendency toward representing Othello as light-skinned), and continuing through to Jack DAmicos 1991 book The Moor in English Renaissance

An Article on Rapid Urbanization - 1745 Words

â€Å"Rapid Urbanization† Comparative Governments Politics This article is on Rapid Urbanization, by Jennifer Weeks, explains how cities around the world are quickly growing especially in the slums. It discusses what brings people to city in the first place and how that goes into the affect of pollution in the cities. The article also asks us questions like, Does urbanization make people better off?, Should governments limit migration to cities?, and Can we make large cities greener?. The main reason that people are moving into the cities all across the world is for the work that is offered in them. Many people think that moving to the city will solve any issues with money and they hope for better incomes with all the opportunity that the city can offer. â€Å"Often people are fleeing desperate economic conditions,† says David Bloom, a professor of economics and demography at Harvard Universitys School of Public Health (Weeks 185). Many people realize that moving to the city does not in fact solve financial issues and so they end up packing into a house or a shack in the slums with others, in other words, living in poverty. The article mentions that when nations attract foreign investment they in turn create more jobs, factory jobs, that bring people to city who leave the farming and agriculture behind them. This started happening in the nineteenth century, and the cities that were really affected by it were those of developing countries. Then during the twentiethShow MoreRelatedEssay The Implications of Rapid Urbanization1685 Words   |  7 PagesUrbanization is the process of human migration from rural areas to towns and cities, thus rapid urbanization means that the rate at which the migration from rural to urban takes place is hurried that a country has no time to plan for their existence at the cities. The situation differs from country to country as the number of cities and rural areas in the countries are different. Another possible reason for the difference is the development nature of the countries ; some countries are developed, othersRead MoreEffects Of Urbanization On Food Supply And Human Security885 Words   |  4 Pageseffect of urbanization, arguing that major cities homogenize the physical environment in their attempt to meet the narrow needs of human beings without regard for indigenous species.McKinney identifies key challenges such as human disconnection from the natural environment which is a disadvantage of urbanization. The strength of this source lies in its relevance as it will provide sufficient information for the research topic with regard to the effects and disadvantages of urbanization. This bookRead MoreSustainable development, a new way of urbanization1271 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Urbanization, which is becoming a buzzword during the last few decades, is enlarging at a booming speed. It is predicted that 93 percents urban growth will occur to the year 2020, in the developing world (Elliot J.A, 1999). Generally speaking, more than half of the people around the world have been moved to cities, which led to a series of â€Å"matters† connected with people’s life that changed in a dramatical way. In this period, sustainable development, another buzzword during the pastRead MoreEffects Of Deforestation On A Whole World Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesThe inspiration for this research and the essay was generated due to the issue of rapid and reckless industrialization as well as the inability of the human beings to properly realize the issue of environmental sustainability. The whole world is witnessing a havoc spread of the industrialization in every corner of the world. But, in the attempt to spread the message of modernity, industrialization, and urbanization, the issue of environmental sustainability is not being addressed in a proper mannerRead MoreThe Article The Village And The Girl 916 Words   |  4 PagesThe BBC article â€Å"The Village and the Girl† allows a personal detailed level of understanding the struggles Xiao Zhang and her family has endured throughout the urbanization process of a small village, White Horse Village, of China by interviewing and observing the differences of the family’s life for 10 years. I want to address some of the challenges and opportunities impacted from the rapid urbanization, how the economic changes impacted the village and China as a whole, and lastly from readingRead MoreUrbanization Of Urbanization During The 19th Century1374 Words   |  6 PagesUrbanization is the growth of population in urban areas. 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As Gerard Turnbull (Canals, coal and regional growth during the industrial revolution)Read MoreImpact Of Globalization On Industrialization761 Words   |  4 Pagesgeographical restrictions. Globalization in human activities is the most frequent and closest part of the environment. So far, globalization’s negative impact on the ecological environment is far more than its positive impact. In this article, industrialization, urbanization, and trade liberalization these three factors’ influence on globalization will be illustrated. Globalization has a great influence on industrialization. Globalization has drastically reduced the technical and policy barriers to theRead MoreEffects Of Urbanization1616 Words   |  7 Pages The concept of urbanization is essentially when a nation becomes more urban, meaning that more cities are built and people live closer together. Generally urbanization tends to have a positive effect on the nations that undergo it, by allowing them to grow economically and industrially. However, one commonly overlooked effect of urbanization is its effects on the mental health of those that live in the cities it builds. Urban settings generally tend to add many stressors to one’s daily lifestyleRead MoreSmog Of Chin Pollution1250 Words   |  5 Pagesissue in China. Due to the rapid development of cities, lost of places change to industry and urbanization. The industry and urbanization are the major causes of the smog. This situation leads to the environmental level of China present a sustained downward trend. Lots of people have lung and respiratory problems that are blamed on the smog level. Therefore, how the China’s government figures out the smog problem is very important. Major Causes of the Smog in China Urbanization has resulted in several

Retail Sector Opportunity and Threats Free Essays

Indian retail industry is dividing into organized and unorganized sectors. Organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who are registered for sale tax, income tax, etc. these include the corporate-backed hypermarket and retail chains, and also the privately owned large retail businesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Retail Sector Opportunity and Threats or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unorganized retailing, on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing for example, the local kirana shops, owner manned general stores, paan shops, convenience shop, hand cart and pavement vendors, etc. Opportunity: * India is among 10 largest retail markets in the world. * Urbanization * Location advantage. * Falling real estate cost * E-retailing * Changing consumer habits and lifestyles. * The retail sector in India is worth USD 394 billion and is growing at the rate of 30% annually. * India is the least competitive as well as least saturated of all major global market. This implies that there are significantly low entry barriers for players trying to setup base in India in term of the competitive landscape. A good talent pool, unlimited opportunities, huge markets, and availability of quality raw materials at cheaper cost is expected to make India overtake the world’s best retail economies by 2040, according to industry players. * Currently, the market share of organized modern retail is just over 4 percent of the total retail industry, thereby leaving a huge untapped opportunity. * The composition of the Indian population is shifting towards the age group of 20-49 i. e. the working population with purchasing power. As per a Mckinsey report, of the current 204 million households in India, about 13 million households have the income to prop up growth of organized retail and this consumer segment is expected to grow at over 20% annually in the next eight years. * Rising disposable income: The second fastest growing economy has provided new employment avenues and the same have resulted in increase in number of people in the earners category. Increasing instances of double incomes in most families coupled with the rise in spending power is further fuelling growth in consumption and in turn growth of the retail sector. Shopping convenience: Apart from the population that has desire and ability to spend, the other factors that have patronized modern retail or organized retail is the convenience of shopping and wide variety. Threats * Inflation. * Lack of differentiation among the malls that are coming. * The industry is facing a severe shortage of talente d professionals, especially at the middle-management level. * Most Indian retail players are under serious pressure to make their supply chains more efficient in order to deliver the level of quality and service that consumers are demanding. Long intermediation chain would increase the costs by 15 percent. * Lack of adequate infrastructure with respect to roads, electricity has further led to the impediment of a pan-India network of suppliers. Due to these constraints, retail chains have to restore to multiple vendors for their requirements, thereby, raising costs and prices. * Retailing is yet to become a preferred career option for most of India’s educated class that has chosen sector like IT, BPO and financial services. * Policy related issues Lack of industry status for retail. * Numerous license, permits and registration requirement. * Farmer and retailer unfriendly APMC act. * Limited consumer insight * Lack of detailed region specific customer data. * Less data on spending pattern. * Inadequate human resources * Lack of trained personnel at all level. * Stringent employment and industry laws. * Fragment approach to human resources. * Taxation hurdle * Inconsistent octopi and entry tax structure. * Vat and m ultiple taxation issues. * Large grey market presence. How to cite Retail Sector Opportunity and Threats, Papers

Life Interview Review free essay sample

Luckily, I was given an assignment that appeared to be perfectly suitable to ask all the right questions-A Life Review. I had seen Ms. Walker several times in my childhood. We attended the same church, I met some of her children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren, but I knew little about her life journey. One day I asked my grandmother to mention to her that I wanted to interview her for an assignment. With the relief of not being let down, my grandmother gave me her contact number the next day. A few days later, I called her to make sure that she was still interested.With the right reply, I scheduled a day when we could meet and have breakfast. That day came on August 10, 2012 at a restaurant called International House of Pancakes (IHOP). She entered the restaurant door free of prosthetic devices- another sign of good health. A woman of African American decent who stood 5’7 wearing a slightly nervous yet cheerful expression greeted me. â€Å"It’s nice to see, Aminata. Why haven’t I seen you in church lately? † The answer to her question would result in a bunch of made up excuses. This was the perfect time to redirect and focus on the assignment that brought us together to complete â€Å"The Life Review of Ms.Mary Walker†. Family Ms. Mary Walker was born on September 25, 1934 in Savannah, Georgia to Joseph and Emma Lou Simmons. She is the youngest and only girl of four children. Shortly after her parents divorced in 1942, her father moved to New York and her mother became ill. A year later, her mother passed at the age of 25. After her mother’s death, Mary and her three brothers moved to live with their grandmother who was still raising some of her aunts and uncles. At the age of 10, her grandmother passed away from the battle of tuberculosis.Due to her grandmother passing, she and her brothers were sent to live with her aunt in Tampa, Florida. She describes herself as a good child except for a few times when at some occasions of bad behavior she was punished by the whip of the belt. Being the only girl, she learned how to cook and do laundry at an early age. Traditionally, girls were made to perform household duties to prepare them for the role of wife and mother. Although literature was rarely provided, she fell in love with reading when her uncle brought home comic books. Academically, Ms. Walker excelled in school.In fact, she was scheduled to become co-valedictorian during her senior year. Sometime during her junior year, she became romantically involved with Richard Walker Jr. Shortly after high school in 1957, they married. In 1953, towards the end of her junior year in high school she became pregnant with her first son Jewell. After the birth of her son, she gave custody to an older brother so that she could return to high school to graduate with honors. A year after graduating, she gave birth to another son Rodney. Together the couple had 10 children 6 boys and 4 girls.To support her family she took jobs working as a house cleaner and cleaning businesses. After 21 years of marriage, she divorced her husband as result of an abusive relationship. Following the divorce, she attended junior college through a state grant. After her completion of her two-year degree, she enrolled at Eckerd College where she earned her bachelors’ in Interdisciplinary Social Sciences in 1973. She began teaching middle school social studies in 1974. After 21 years as an educator, she retired from teaching in 2004. Since retirement, she has been enjoying life and found happiness in working with youth activities in her church.As grandmother, she enjoys the position of the matriarch. She has estimated forty grandchildren and about twenty great-grandchildren. Although she has not met all of grandchildren, she is hoping that sometime during the remainder of her life she will have the opportunity to build relationships with all of them. Social/Historical/Environmental Influences Ms. Walker has lived through several historical events. She recalls the World War II as an event that affected her early childhood. Her parents received rations of food and clothing from the federal government, which limited their material possessions.She stated this was the time she first realized that she was poor. Like other African Americans, the Jim Crow laws affected almost every aspect social of life during pre -civil rights movements. She can remember instances of racism where she was served food through the back door, using segregated public bathrooms, and reading old school books that came from white schools. She noted that America has come a long way from the days of Jim Crow. The vindication of Barack Obama as the first black president of the United States is proof of America’s progression in race relations.Global Assessment The support of the family is the most positive aspect of family life. The rise of single parent homes has produced a negative change in family life stating that single mothers are too often bearing the burden of raising children alone. With comparison to her childhood, children today are more exposed to material things, which she links to more stress and crimes among youth. Although she lived during a period when there were oppressive attitudes towards African Americans, she stated within her community there was more unity. In recent times, increased material wealth has created divisiveness between all people by class. One of the most pressing issues that she sees as needing political change today is the interpretation of the second amendment the right to bear arms. Too many crimes involving guns among younger populations have escalated. She stated that the original purpose of the amendment was for states to have the right to bear arms against the threat of the federal government. The need for gun control should lead by the federal government through legislation. Critical Analysis Resilience and EmpowermentEmpowerment theories are based on the idea that society consists of stratified groups processing different and unequal levels of power and control over resources that restrict people from achieving their aspirations (Ritzer, 2008). Empowerment is the â€Å"process of increasing personal, interpersonal or political power so that individuals can take action to improve their life situations (Zastrow Ki rst-Ashman, 2010)†. To say that negative experiences can bring within opportunities to an individual, family, or community, does not mean that we do not acknowledge their scars and pain.The Strengths Perspective acknowledges that often people who are facing hardship are resilient and creative and we should discover and learn from their strategies to overcome adversity. People learn from the challenges they endure as well as from their accomplishments. Resiliency seems to spring from the interaction between those internal and environmental resources and the risk factors that the person is facing. When going through difficulty, people may become aware of some talents, assets, or resources. In other cases, people develop new strengths and resources in order to meet their challenges.Some examples are creativity, spirituality, humor, caring, and the like. Knowledge comes from different sources, including education, culture, and actual experience. While learning about our world, we develop skills and abilities. For instance, a client might know much more about the housing system than we can ever hope to learn. However, too often this knowledge is conquered. We will identify it only if we observe and ask. Frequently, you will find that people have surprising talents, such as singing, writing, painting, telling stories, and so on.Many times people do not even mention those talents because they do not seem relevant to what we are discussing. If we do not ask, we remiss the opportunity of mobilizing these strengths. Although these talents may not be connected to the clients’ aspirations, they give us more resources and tools to assist individuals in fulfilling those aspirations and reaching their goals. These strengths are sources of stability, guidance, a sense of belonging, and a place in the world. Narratives, myths, and cultural stories can be a source of identity, meaning, and inspiration through adversity.Surviving an abusive marriage taught her coping skills. She realized her strengths at a later age and decided to focus on the things that brought her the most joy. Her advice to young adults is waiting for the right partner is worth the wait. Her experience has taught her that when raising children a two parents home is the most suitable. The support of the extended family can take away some of these stress on the parents. With these components, she stated, â€Å"the outcomes of the children are better. † Coping Skills People cope with the loss of a loved one in many ways.For some, the experience may lead to personal growth, even though it is a difficult and trying time. There is no right way of coping with death. The way a person grieves depends on the personality of that person and the relationship with the person who has died. How a person copes with grief is affected by the persons cultural and religious background, coping skills, mental history, support systems, and the persons social and financial status. The definition of coping is as the â€Å"constantly changing (dynamic) cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage internal and/or external demands exceeding the resources of the person.This emphasizes that coping behaviors go beyond routine, adaptive behaviors. Ms. Walker dealt with coping through the death of her mother and the death of her grandmother. Grief has seven stages. Stage 1 is shock denial. In this stage, one will probably react to learning of the loss with numbed disbelief. One may deny the reality of the loss at some level, in order to avoid the pain. Shock provides emotional protection from being overwhelmed all at once. This may last for weeks. Stage 2 is pain guilt. In this stage, As the shock wears off, it is replaced with the suffering of unbelievable pain.Although excruciating and almost unbearable, it is important that you experience the pain fully, and not hide it, avoid it or escape from it with alcohol or drugs. One may have guilty feelings or remorse over things they did or did not do with their loved one. Life feels chaotic and scary during this phase. Stage 3 is anger bargaining. In this stage, frustration gives way to anger, and you may lash out and lay unwarranted blame for the death on someone else. Please try to control this, as permanent damage to your relationships may result. This is a time for the release of bottled up emotion.Stage 4 is depression, reflection, loneliness. This is the stage where everyone thinks you should be getting on with your life; a long period of sad reflection will likely overtake you. This is a normal stage of grief, so do not be talked out of it by well-meaning outsiders. Encouragement from others is not helpful to you during this stage of grieving. During this time, you finally realize the true magnitude of your loss, and it depresses you. You may isolate yourself on purpose, reflect on things you did with your lost one, and focus on memories of the past. You may sense feelings of emptiness or despair.You may rail against fate, questioning Why me? You may also try to bargain in vain with the authorities for a way out of your despair. The fifth stage is the upward turn. In this stage as you start to adjust to life without your dear one, your life becomes a little calmer and more organized. Your physical symptoms lessen, and your depression begins to go away slowly. Stage 6 is the reconstruction working through stage. in this stage. As you become more functional, your mind starts working again, and you will find yourself seeking realistic solutions to problems posed by life without your loved one.You will start to work on practical and financial problems and reconstructing yourself and your life without him or her. The final stage, Stage 7 is the acceptance hope stage. During this stage, you learn to accept and deal with the reality of your situation. Acceptance does not necessarily mean instant happiness. Given the pain and turmoil you have experienced, you can never return to the carefree, untroubled YOU that existed before this tragedy. However, you will find a way forward. Ms. Walker explained to me how she went through some of the coping stages. She experienced anger because she lost the only people she ever known and loved. She was depressed and then she came to came to accept God’s will. Her mother and grandmother were devoted Christians and she found comfort in knowing where they were going to. Marcia’s model To reach the stage of identity achievement, people undergo a period of intense decision-making. After much effort, they develop a personalized set of values and make their career decisions. The attainment of identity is usually thought of as the most beneficial of the four status categories. Ashman Zastrow, 2010) Ms. . Walker had to make some tough decisions growing up and through adulthood. Growing up she made a decision to do very well in school. She even made co-valedictorian. Also, even though she because pregnant at a very young age, she made a decision to put her son up for adoption and continue with her education. As an adult, Ms. Walker was trapped in an abusive relationship for 21 years, where she made the decision to get out of it and start her life anew. All these decision Ms. Walker made growing up made her the person she is today. Critical Race TheoryCritical Race Theory (CRT) views racism not as eccentric but rather as the natural order of American life (Ritzer, 2008). Because racism is an integrated feature in society, it appears as something ordinary and natural in the culture (Ritzer, 2008). The white elite will encourage racial advances for blacks only when they also promote white self-interest (Ritzer, 2008). Critical Race Theory seeks for the discriminated against to be understood by larger society and that the law should help those that have been victims as well rather than focusing on the perpetrators (Ritzer, 2008).Critical race theory is considered an alternative theory. Critical race theory sees racism as the norm. It emphasizes that colorblindness does not exist. It believes that people’s own experiences are more accurate than statistical information because people’s experiences provide a picture of reality. Further, critical race theory believes that civil rights laws will only go into effect if white people think they will gain something in return (Wiggins, Wiggins, Zanden Vander, 1994). For example, whites with interact more with whites rather than other races Wiggins, et al. 1994). Theorist’s Delgado and Stefancic (2001) states that CRT movement is a collection of activists and scholars interested in studying and transforming the relationship among race, racism, and power. The movement considers many of the same issues that conventional civil rights and ethnic studies discourses take up, but places them in a broader perspective that includes economics, history, context, group and self-interest, and even feelings and the unconscious (Delgado Stefancic, 2001). Growing up, Ms. Walker lived through segregation.She remembers the World War II as an event that affected her early childhood. Her parents received rations of food and clothing from the federal government, which limited their material possessions. She stated this was the time she first came to the realization that she was poor. Like other African Americans, the Jim Crow laws affected almost every aspect social of life during pre -civil rights movements. She can remember instances of racism where she was served food through the back door, using segregated public bathrooms, and reading old school books that came from white schools.She noted that America has come a long way from the days of Jim Crow. The vindication of Barack Obama as the first black president of the United States is proof of America’s progression in race relations Triumphs and Regrets Despite her obstacles of raising children and working, she found success in attaining a higher education, which she is most proud of. Delaying post-secondary education was is something she regrets as doing. Her advice to young people is that obey the laws, develop a strong faith in God, faith in oneself, live within your means, and treating others as you want to be treated.Conclusion Life is the sum of all your experiences that shape you into the individual you are going to be in old age. Ms. Walker experiences have led her to a much peaceful being. She says that â€Å"as you age the experiences of life will teach you coping skills. † Surviving an abusive marriage, achieving goals later in life and child rearing have taught her patience. Coping skills prepares the individual for the perils of old age. I believe this aspect best represents Erikson’s the integrity aspect of the theory ego integrity vs. despair. Her perceptions of family, stemmed from her earlier experiences. She learned to care for others at an earlier age when family took responsibility in raising her and her four brothers. When she became mother and a wife she used her early childhood experiences to nurture and care for her own family. Today, she cares for some of her grandchildren. This displays that her experiences are deeply rooted in her belief system. As the result of my conversation with Mrs. Walker, I learned life is about what you make it. Individuals make a variety of choices that are going to affect later life experiences. Learning to cope with life grievances helps individuals achieve self-actualization.

Beer in USA

Introduction The following essay is analyses the beer industry in the United States. It looks into the beer industry and what can be done to ensure that the beer it develops an appropriate growth mechanism in the light of globalization, integrated technology and strict industry regulations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Beer in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The analysis looks into the political environmental, social, technological, economical and legal factors that affect the beer industry in the United States. The political/ legal factors In the year 1940’s the prohibition era was over but alcohol did not have wide acceptance among the potential consumers (Lundstrà ¶m 2005). Even after it was made legal by the federal government, the state government perpetuate prohibition by limiting the hours of drinking and distribution systems of beers to make the Americans accept beer as good drink. The pol itical environment includes taxation procedures that are in the country. Currently, the tax is 40% of the retail prices, which is a higher rate of taxation compared with taxation in other countries such as Germany (Lundstrà ¶m 2005). The imported beer sales volume is at par with the locally produced beer in United States (Appendix 1). Regulation of the beer industry has also affected its profit margins due to regulation on advertising, as it is perceived to be deceptive to public on the advantages of drinking beer (Strokes 2010). The economic factors United States of America is the world’s largest economy. It boasts of having the world’s highest gross domestic product as well as highest per capita income of $48,000. The country has a population of approximately 300,000 million people. It is the largest exporter of electronics and technological goods such as computers as well as organic waste (The World Bank 2010). The first economic aspect that has affected the beer i ndustry is the global recession, which has reduced the volume of beer consumption in the country. The other economic factor relates to the increased competition across the globe due to the merger and acquisition of the beer companies resulting to concentration of beer industries (Appendix 3).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, the United Distillers, one of the major importers of beer in the United States has acquired more than forty establishments of beer distribution in the United States (Espey 1989). Social cultural factors Americans have a high sense of style and self-importance and everything that helps them to perpetuate this image has a wide acceptance (Strokes 2010). This explains how Heinemann has managed to sell its classic drinks in the United States successfully. In a survey conducted by the institute of beer manufacturers, it showed that sixty percent of those who drink beer are between eighteen and forty five years of age (Appendix 4). It also indicated that beer drinking exists in all social economic classes although it was low among people with $50,000 per capital income (Espey 1989). To understand the culture better, the existing literature especially fictional works indicate instances where the characters were in a binge and the types of beer that they drunk (Swedberg 2009). The social cultural environment in the United States of America shows prevalence of drinking beer in the country. It also provides information on how beer marketers can capitalise on this market (Andriani et al. 2004). Technological factors Technology has affected the beer industry in the United States in a number of ways. The first way involves the methods of beer production. With increased technology especially the development of enterprise resources planning systems beer industries have increased (Appendix 9). The companies have reduced their costs of operations and managed to reduce the selling price. The use of Enterprise Resource Planning has enabled the companies to reduce administrative costs such as payroll processing to pay the workers, supplier management and inventory management (Schultz 2000). Technology is also useful in fermenting, processing and eventual production of beer and this has significantly reduced costs of production. Technology has also been useful in marketing the beer products all over the globe through the traditional media such as the television as well as the social networks. The ability to integrate technology in marketing and production activities gives the companies advantage over their competitors (Pratesi 1994).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Beer in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The environmental and ecological factors Beer is made from fermented food materials such as rice, corn and barley. With the increased globa l climatic changes, the demand for food has increased and led to increase in the prices of these commodities. This has made the production costs of beer to be high (Appendix 5). The environment advocacy groups advocate for companies to be energy and environment conscious. Most of the companies have also engaged or used their resources in environment conservation efforts (Beverage World 2000). The other environmental factor relates to the increase in lifestyle related diseases in the United States of America where many people suffer from obesity, diabetes, blood pressure and kidney ailments. These ailments have made people more conscious and reserved from enjoying alcoholic beverages due to their contribution on the diseases. This has affected the companies negatively as it has reduced the overall number of beer consumers in the country (Lundstrà ¶m 2005). Buyer power The buyers have economic power as the capital consumption of beer in the United States is 121 litres. This shows tha t beer consumption in the country is not ingrained compared with other European countries like Germany, which has per capita consumption of 140 litres. The beer industry in the United States contributes approximately $228 billion where $71 billion goes to wages and salaries of those involved in production of beer in the country (The World Bank 2010). The economic recession, which intensified in the year 2008, has affected buyer power significantly. The unemployment and job losses affected many people negatively. However, the beer industry has not been fully affected mainly because of beer being an addictive substance that people who have a habit of drinking cannot stop doing (Appendix 4). However, this has affected the sale of classic drinks that have reduced since 2008 (Barnes Reports 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Suppliers There are two types of suppliers in the United States beer industry. The first type of suppliers deal with raw materials such as barley, rice sugar and corn which are the ingredients of beer. Although their supplies are critical they have diminished influence on the industry as they are many and competition among suppliers lowers the prices of this ingredients (Appendix 10). The second class of suppliers who have influence on the beer market are suppliers who supply technology and equipment. They are powerful and they have more influence as technology reduces the cost of production and operations. Therefore, established beer companies establish good relationship with these suppliers to ensure that they are abreast with technological changes that will improve their operations (Barnes Reports 2012). Globalisation as a political factor has influence on the beer markets in the United States. The liberalisation of markets allowing importation of beer from other countries has le d to the entry of variety of beer and alcoholic brands in the country has also reduced the suppliers influence in the industry. New entrants There are new entrants who have entered the beer market since the year 1990, such as Seagram, Allied and Heinemann that entered the market courtesy of globalisation. However, there are stringent licensing regulations in the United States that makes it hard for the new entrants (Appendix 2). However, with globalisation new entrants come in through take over by multinationals or mergers with foreign beer companies (Beverage World 2000). This has hindered creativity in beer industry marketing and advertising due to such regulations. Other regulations pertain to the entry into the industry where the licensing procedures are complicated and designed to lock out new players who want to enter the industry (Lundstrà ¶m 2005). Substitutes The main substitutes for beer about alcoholic industry are wines and sprits. However, this can be termed as differe ntiation rather than substitution. Substitutes such as non-alcoholic drinks have increased their sales especially processed fresh juices. This is especially due to the health-based marketing, which portrays alcohol as harmful. Pepsi and Coca-Cola have dominated this market of non-alcoholic drinks (Beverage World 2000). The main substitute is the soft drinks that have competed successfully with the beer industry. Pepsi has been very competitive and its products are consumed in the market. Rivalry Rivalry in the industry is fierce due to the need to compete for the market. The competition between the industry players is well displayed through commercials and marketing campaign with each beer company trying to appeal the consumers differently. The rivalry comes through price wars, distributorship and legal actions (Appendix 5). Currently, most of the companies in the industry prefer to use the traditional distribution systems such as retail stores or establishments such as bars and res taurants (Espey 1989). The future of beer industry in the United States is brighter because of the increased number of beer brands and young consumers. The economic forecasts show that the economy will be out of recession in the year 2014 and this will lead to expansion of the beer industry. The overall sales volume of beer in the country grew by 4% in the year 2012 (Appendix 7). Similar growth is expected in the year 2013 and even more growth is expected in the country (Barnes Reports 2012). Conclusion The beer industry is one of the greatest industries in America with significant contribution to the economy of the country. Increasing production as well as ensuring that there are factors relating to the development and creation of resources that pertain to the prosperity of country will ensure the development of resources and the issues relating to the expansion of the industry. References Andriani, L, Gold, F, Rotella, M, Scharf, M. 2004, ‘Travels with barley: a journey thr ough beer culture in America’, Emily Publishers Weekly, vol. 8, pp.42. Barnes Reports 2012, U.S. Beer and ale wholesale industry. Web. Beverage World 2000, ‘Brew u? Labatt USA opens beer academy’, Beverage World News, 15 May, pp.16. Espey, J 1989, ‘The big four: an examination of the international drinks industry’, International Journal of Wine Marketing, vol. 1, no. 2, pp.47-64. Lundstrà ¶m, A 2005, Beer production policy: theory and practice, Springer, New York. Pratesi, C 1994, ’Miller beer,’ Management Decision, vol. 32, pp.25-28. Schultz, M 2000, The expressive organisation: linking identity, reputation and the corporate brand, Oxford University Press, New York. Strokes, R 2010, E-marketing: the essential guide to online marketing, McGraw Hill, New York. Swedberg R 2009, Beer: the social science view, Oxford University Press, Oxford. The World Bank 2010, Doing business 2011: making a difference in beer industry, International Fina nce Corporation, Washington, D.C. Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Four major beer companies in the globe and their market share Appendix 3 Import versus domestic consumption Appendix 3 Changes in the beer industry.  Employment 2009 2010 2012 2013 Establishments 2, 175 2, 187 2, 099 1, 933 Sales 40, 393 44, 164 45, 486 49,877 Employment 111,627 107,104 104,786 101,772 Percentage Change Year to Year 09 – 10 10 – 11 11 – 12 12 – 13 Establishments 0.5% -4.0% -2.2% -2.9% Sales 9.3% 3.0% 5.5% 4.0% Employment 0.6% -4.1% -2.2% -2.9% Appendix 4 Estimated number of beer establishments Establishments beer 480 Beer and ale 80 Beer and other fermented 975 Porter 564 Appendix 5 Estimated number of employees Establishments Employees Beer 23, 947 Beer and ale 13, 335 Beer and other fermented 81, 205 Porter 4, 167 Appendix 6 Estimated number of industry sales Establishments Total sales $ (million) beer 5, 940 Beer and ale 473.20 Beer and other fermented 38,986.4 Porter 86. 7 Appendix 7 Five-year trend of sales Year    Employee size of establishment Total sales $ millions    1 – 4 5 – 9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 2009   Ã‚  Ã‚   546 249 992 4,960 7,590 16,920 7,020 720 500 897 40,393    2010 597 272 1,084 5,422 8,297 18,497 7,674 787 547 987 44,164    2011 615 280 1,117 5,585 8,546 19,051 7,904 811 563 1,014 45,486 2012 648 296 1,178 1,178 5,890 9,014 20,093 8,337 855,594 1,073 47,977    2013 674 307 1,224 6,123 9,370 20,887 8,666 9, 017 889 617 1,119 49,877 Appendix 8 Establishments using electronic resource planning software Appendix 9 Contribution to the economy in comparison with other industries in USA Appendix 10 Rise in prices of raw materials This essay on Beer in USA was written and submitted by user Aria Richardson to help you with your own studies. 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Inevitable Torture essays

Inevitable Torture essays If he will not other wayes confesse, the gentler tortours are to be first usid unto him et sic per gradus ad ima tenditur (and so on step by step to the most severe) and so god spede youre goode worke" (London). In this dark time, the medieval world was busy with disciplining an almost anarchic society. With frequent and fabricated allegations of heresy and sacrilege, people gained the lust for blood and cruelty. The Medieval Inquisition can be primarily blamed for all the mistreatment and torture. It went so far as to authorize a controlled form of torture in interrogations. It quickly became uncontrollable and many people were affected by some method of torture or inexorable death. Every day, human life was becoming less important. Torture was inevitable; it was brought upon by criticism and false accusations of one being a heretic. Being accused of heresy was defined as a deliberate denial of an article of truth of the Catholic faith (Medieval). Heresy was a significant crisis in the Middle Ages because many people were not true to their priestly vows (Inquisition). It was the job of the bishops to investigate heresy (Inquisition). As time pressed on, heresy finally needed to be repressed, and by order of Pope Gregory IX, the Medieval Inquisition was instituted in 1231 (Medieval). This Inquisition was instituted in order to punish heretics and keep the society safe (Inquisition). It was not until 1233 that the Inquisition was a general institution accepted by most of Europe (Medieval). The cause for conflict during the time of the Inquisition was the social acceptance that a heretic was a threat to humanity (Inquisition). A heretic was hated more than a criminal by the townspeople because he or she w as looked upon as killing their own souls and the souls of innocent ones (Medieval). As the Inquisition proceeded, more and more it became based on a strictly religious order. The Po...

Based on Stevensons evidence and the theory covered in ECO 344 do you Term Paper

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